The Judicial Basilica or House of Justice, was initially built in the first century AD. Most of what remain (marble columns and several exceptional paving fragments) date from around AD 450, during the Byzantine era. Between these dates, the structure changed function as Sabratha made the evolution from a Roman to a Byzantine town.

Under the Romans, the basilica was largely equivalent to a court and consisted of a big hall measuring 50 meters by 25 meters and encircled by a portico. The Byzantines later transformed it into a Byzantine church in which the central sanctuary was separated into a nave and aisles.